翻訳と辞書 Words near each other ・ Phase Space (album) ・ Phase space (disambiguation) ・ Phase Space (story collection) ・ Phase space formulation ・ Phase space method ・ Phase spider ・ Phase splitter ・ Phase Stretch Transform ・ Phase switch ・ Phase synchronization ・ Phase telescope ・ Phase Three ・ Phase transformation crystallography ・ Phase transition ・ Phase transitions and critical phenomena ・ Phase variation ・ Phase velocity ・ Phase VII ・ Phase vocoder ・ Phase-boundary catalysis ・ Phase-change Dual ・ Phase-change incubator ・ Phase-change material ・ Phase-change memory ・ Phase-coherent holography ・ Phase-comparison monopulse ・ Phase-contrast imaging ・ Phase-contrast X-ray imaging ・ Phase-fired controllers ・ Phase-locked loop Dictionary Lists mini英和辞書 mini和英辞書 Webster 1913 Latin-English FOLDOC Wikipedia English ウィキペディア

翻訳と辞書　辞書検索 [ 開発暫定版 ] スポンサード リンク Phase variation ： ウィキペディア英語版 Phase variation Phase variation is a method for dealing with rapidly varying environments without requiring random mutation employed by various types of bacteria, including ''Salmonella'' species. It involves the variation of protein expression, frequently in an on-off fashion, within different parts of a bacterial population. Although it has been most commonly studied in the context of immune evasion, it is observed in many other areas as well. Phase variation is defined as the random switching of phenotype at frequencies that are much higher (sometimes >1%) than classical mutation rates. Phase variation contributes to virulence by generating heterogeneity; certain environmental or host pressures select those bacteria that express the best adapted phenotype ''Salmonella'' use this technique to switch between different types of the protein flagellin. As a result, flagella with different structures are assembled. Once an adaptive response has been mounted against one type of flagellin, or if a previous encounter has left the adaptive immune system ready to deal with one type of flagellin, switching types renders previously high affinity antibodies, TCRs and BCRs ineffective against the flagella. ==Site-specific recombination== Recombining sequences in site-specific reactions are usually short and occur at a single target site within the recombining sequence. For this to occur there is typically one or more cofactors (to name a few: DNA-binding proteins and the presence or absence of DNA binding sites) and a site specific recombinase. There is a change in orientation of the DNA that will affect gene expression or the structure of the gene product. This is done by changing the spatial arrangement of the promoter or the regulatory elements.〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Phase variation」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク 翻訳と辞書 : 翻訳のためのインターネットリソース Copyright(C) kotoba.ne.jp 1997-2016. All Rights Reserved.